Apraxia+of+Speech

 **Childhood Apraxia of Speech Emily Charles Liberty University Dr. Szapkiw **
 * Running Head: CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF SPEECH **

**Abstract**
====** Childhood Apraxia of Speech, often referred to as CAS, is a motor speech disorder. Children with apraxia of speech have great difficulty planning and producing the precise, highly refined and specific series of movements of the tongue, lips, jaw and palate that are necessary for intelligible speech” (Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association, n.d.). Although CAS does not typically ever go away, there is treatment for it. “People with apraxia of speech usually need frequent and intensive one-on-one therapy” (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, 2008). As a parent or teacher, it is extremely important to keep challenging a child with CAS to ensure continual improvement in his or her speech. ** ====

**Apraxia of Speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. **
 * **It is not due to weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles (the muscles of the face, tongue, and lips). **
 * **The severity can range from mild to severe. **

**Apraxia of Speech occurs when the oral- motor muscles do not or cannot obey commands from the brain, or when the brain cannot reliably send those commands. Ben has Apraxia of Speech: media type="youtube" key="EZX7YpyOkPY" height="405" width="500" How Does Apraxia Effect a Child's Education? **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">** Children with Apraxia of Speech are at high risk for learning difficulties in phonemic awareness, reading, spelling, and written expression. **
 * **<span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">They also often ****<span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">have limited experience in verbally expressing sequences of events and retelling stories ****<span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">. Communication is difficult. **
 * **<span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">EVERY CHILD IS DIFFERENT. **



**<span style="color: #e91647; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">- Excessive drooling - Inability to lick peanut butter or other foods off lips or from around mouth - Inability to pucker to make a kiss sound - Inability to drink from a straw - Difficulty forming consonant sounds - Has limited facial expressions ("the serious child") - Seems to have difficulty with certain food textures ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 126%;">**<span style="color: #ffaa00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">What Causes Apraxia of Speech?
 * <span style="color: #ffaa00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">What Are The Symptoms? **
 * ** Makes inconsistent sound error that are not the result of immaturity **
 * ** Can understand language much better than he or she can talk **
 * ** Has difficulty imitating speech, but limited speech is more clear than spontaneous speech **
 * ** Has more difficulty saying longer words or phrases clearly than shorter ones **
 * ** Appears to have more difficulty when he or she is anxious **
 * ** Is harder to understand, especially for an unfamiliar listener **
 * ** Sounds choppy, monotonous, or stresses the wrong syllable or word **
 * ** __EARLY WARNING SIGNS__ (visible around 2 years of age): **

<span style="color: #e91647; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 20px;">CAS i ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">**<span style="color: #e91647; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">s a neurologically based speech disorder. It is caused by subtle brain impairment or malfunctioning. No one currently know exactly what this brain impairment is or what causes it. Theories range from supposing the impairment is a very specific small injury or difference in the speech area of the brain to saying that is a very diffuse change that is not possible to isolate. ** <span style="color: #e91647; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal;">
 * <span style="color: #e91647; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> Although some children with CAS have had specific birth or prenatal injuries or periods without oxygen, most CAS children have nothing in their birth or prenatal histories that would suggest a possible cause of the CAS. **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #ffaa00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">How Is It Treated? **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 20px;">** Speech therapy is tailored to the individual and is designed to treat other speech or language problems that may occur together with apraxia. **


 * ** Each person responds differently to therapy, and some people will make more progress than others. **


 * ** People with apraxia of speech usually need frequent and intensive one-on-one therapy. **


 * ** Support and encouragement from family members and friends are also important. **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 182%;">**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">* ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**For parents, it is crucial that the child obtain speech language therapy as soon as feasible possible as, without treatment, the apraxia child may suffer academically in areas including math, reading and writing.**

Julian's mom uses one-on-one therapy to help him improve his speech: media type="youtube" key="-9Qx0baqeDs" height="397" width="498"** **<span style="color: #ffaa00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Build-A-Sentence Game: ** <span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** This activity is helpful for expanding expressive language, often a difficulty for children with apraxia. It can be modified and creatively used to also address word stress ** <span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">.


 * Teacher Influence On Apraxia of Speech: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**<span style="color: #ba1c1c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> Provide an opportunity for the child to demonstrate understanding by repeating the directions to you and by completing a sample of the required task. **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**<span style="color: #ba1c1c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Monitor the child's work to be sure he or she fully understands the concept and the procedure. **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**<span style="color: #ba1c1c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Provide ample time for oral communication. **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**<span style="color: #ba1c1c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Provide a variety of reading and writing materials on a daily basis and read aloud every day. **
 * **<span style="color: #ba1c1c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Reduce frustration by providing early success and setting realistic goals when working with the child’s special needs. **


 * Five Questions: **

A. Reading B. Art C. Writing D. Spelling
 * 1. Children with Apraxia often have trouble in the following subjects EXCEPT:

2. True or False. Oral communication is not important in helping a student with CAS. <span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> 3. **<span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">** Children with apraxia tend to have difficulty ** ** saying *//__blank__*// ** **<span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 132%;">words or phrases clearly.

4. True or False. Apraxia of Speech is a genetic disorder. ****<span style="color: #ff3f00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 5. **** People with apraxia of speech usually need frequent and intensive one-on-one therapy. **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Britchkow, E. (2005). Apraxia. In //Speak Effectively//. Retrieved March 22, 2010, from [|http://speakeffectively.com/apraxia.shtml.]
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Resources

Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association. (n.d.). Academics, Learning, and Your Child with CAS. In //Apraxia-KIDS//. Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from [].

Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association. (2005). Resources and Support. In //Apraxia-KIDS//. Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from [].

Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association. (n.d.). What is Childhood Apraxia of Speech? In //Apraxia-KIDS//. Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from [].

Guild, A. S. (n.d.) What is Developmental Apraxia of Speech? In //Taylored Marketing.// Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from [].

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Apraxia of Speech. In //NIDCD//. Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from [].

Raasch, M. (2007). Early Warning Signs of Apraxia in Children. In //Lifestyle//. Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from [].

Richford, N. (n.d.) How to Teach Students with Language Disorders. In //eHow, Inc//. Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from [].

Stackhouse, J. (2005). Children with Apraxia and Reading, Writing, and Spelling Difficulties. In //Apraxia-KIDS//. Retrieved March, 22, 2010, from []. **** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">